Report of the Working Group on the Behavioral Ecology of bottlenose dolphins in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5597/lajam00220Keywords:
Tursiops, behaviorAbstract
In this report, we present a compilation of the behavioral patterns of bottlenose dolphins and social structure throughout the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. We have compiled and summarized available data concerning: (i) behavioral activities (states and events), (ii) social structures (group size and composition), (iii) acoustic behavior and (iv) intra and interspecific interactions of bottlenose dolphin populations throughout the SWAO, from northern Brazil to southern Argentina. Lack of systematic and standardized methodologies for data collection precludes robust data analyses in respect of bottlenose dolphin behavior. Available information suggests that the studied populations presented weak intra-population associations and that coastal individuals tend to form smaller groups than their oceanic counterparts. Bottlenose dolphins from SWAO produce stylized whistles in which the acoustic parameters are similar to published ranges around the world and some results indicate significant local inter-population variation in the acoustic parameters of the whistles. Data of intra and interspecific interactions of bottlenose dolphins in the SWAO are scarce and therefore do not fully allow a comprehensive analysis of the situational contexts.
References
Altmann, J. (1974) Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49(3): 227–267. ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853974X00534
Azevedo, A.F. and Van Sluys, M. (2005) Whistles of the tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia fluviatilis) in Brazil: comparisons among populations. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117(3): 1456–1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1859232
Azevedo, A.F., Oliveira, A.M., Dalla Rosa, L. and LailsonBrito, J. (2007) Characteristics of whistles from resident bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in southern Brazil. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121(5): 2978–2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2713726
Baracho, C.,Cipolotti, S.,Marcovaldi, E.,Apolinário, M. and Silva, M.B. (2007) The occurrence of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the biological reserve of Atol das Rocas in north-eastern Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records 1: e75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1755267207007920
Barbosa, M.M.C., Cruz, F.S. and Lodi, L. (2008) Comportamento e organização de grupo do golfinho-flíper, Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea, Delphinidea) no arquipélago das Cagarras, Rio de Janeiro. Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 10(3): 213–220.
Barros, N.B. and Odell, D.K. (1990) Food habits of bottlenose dolphins in the southeastern United States. Pages 309-328 in Leatherwood, S. and Reeves, R.R. (Eds) The Bottlenose Dolphin. San Diego, California, Academic Press, Inc.
Barros, N.B. and Wells, R.S. (1998) Prey and feeding patterns of resident bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Journal of Mammalogy 79(3): 1045–1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1383114
Bazúa-Durán, C. and Au, W.W. (2002) The whistles of Hawaiian spinner dolphins. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112(6): 3064–3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1508785
Bernardi, L.R. (2000) Estudo ecológico e comportamental do boto-da-tainha, Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821 (Cetacea, Delphinidae) na foz do rio Mampituba, Torres, RS. M.Sc. Thesis. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, Brazil. 103 pp.
Cairns, J.S. and Schwager, S.J. (1987) A comparison of association indices. Animal Behaviour 35(5): 1454–1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80018-0
Caldwell, M.C., Caldwell, D.K. and Tyack, P.L. (1990) Review of the signature-whistle hypothesis for the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin. Pages 199–234 in Leatherwood, S. and Reeves, R.R. (Eds) The bottlenose dolphin.Academic Press, New York, NY.
Caon, G., Moreira, M.B., Hoffmann, L.S., Di Tullio, J.C., Pedone, F.V., Fruet, P.F. and Freitas, T.R.O. (2009) Os mamíferos. Pages 278–285 in O Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo: 10 anos de Estação Científica. 1ed. SECIRM - Comissão Interministerial dos Recursos do Mar, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Carvalho, M.S. and Rossi-Santos, M.R. (2011) Sightings of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Trindade island, South Atlantic Ocean. Marine Biodiversity Records 4: 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1755267211000029
Castello, H.P. and Pinedo, M.C. (1977) Botos na Lagoa dos Patos. Natureza em Revista12: 46–49.
Connor, R. (1999) Group living in whales and dolphins. Pages 199–218 inMann, J., Connor, R.C., Tyack, P.L. and Whitehead, H. (Eds) Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA.
Connor, R.C., Mann, J., Tyack, P.L. and Whitehead H. (1998) Social evolution in toothed whales. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 13(6): 228–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01326-3
Connor, R.C., Wells, R.S., Mann, J. and Read, A.J. (2000) The bottlenose dolphin: Social relationships in a fission fusion society. Pages 91–126 in Mann, J., Connor, R.C., Tyack P.L. and Whitehead, H. (Eds) Cetacean Societies: Field studies of dolphins and whales. The University of Chicago
Press, Chicago, USA.
Constantine, R., Brunton, D.H. and Dennis, T. (2004) Dolphin-watching tour boats change bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) behavior. Biological Conservation 117(3): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biocon.2003.12.009
Cook, M.L.H., Sayigh, L.S., Blum J.E. and Wells, R.S. (2004) Signature whistle production in undisturbed free ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B- Biological Sciences 271(1543): 1043–1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2610
Coscarella, M. and Crespo, E.A. (2010) Feeding aggregation and aggressive interaction between bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and Commerson’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) in Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Ethology 28(1):183–187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-009-0171-y
Cremer, M.J., Barreto, A.S., Hardt, F.A.S., Tonello Júnior, A.J. and Mounayer, R. (2009) Cetacean occurrence near an offshore oil platform in southern Brazil. Biotemas 22(3): 247–251. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2009v22n3p247
Cruz, F.S. (2005) Descrição dos aspectos comportamentais do golfinho-flíper, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821), no Arquipélago das Cagarras, Rio de Janeiro. Monograph. Faculdades Integradas Maria Thereza. Niterói, Brazil. 79 pp.
Dalla Rosa, L. (1999) Estimativa do tamanho da população de botos,
Tursiops truncatus, do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, a partir da
foto-identificação de indivíduos com marcas naturais e da aplicação
de modelos de marcação-recaptura. M.Sc. Thesis. Fundação
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Rio Grande, Brazil. 104 pp.
Daura-Jorge, F., Ingram, S.N. and Simões-Lopes, P.C. (2013) Seasonal abundance and adult survival of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in a community that cooperatively forages with fishermen in southern Brazil. Marine Mammal Science 29(2): 293–311.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00571.x
Daura-Jorge, F.G., Cantor, M., Ingram, S.N., Lusseau, D. and Simões-Lopes, P.C. (2012) The structure of a bottlenose dolphin society is coupled to a unique foraging cooperation with artisanal fishermen. Biology Letters 8(5):702–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0174
Di Tullio, J.C., Fruet, P.F. and Secchi, E.R. (2015) Identifying critical areas to reduce bycatch of coastal common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatusin artisanal fisheries of the subtropical western South Atlantic. Endangered Species Research 29(1): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00698
Failla, M., Seijas, V.A. and Vermeulen, E. (2016) Occurrence of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Río Negro Estuary, Argentina, and their mid-distance movements along the Northeastern Patagonian coast. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11(1–2): 170-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00226
Flores, P.A.C. and Fontoura, N.F. (2006) Ecology of marine tucuxi and bottlenose dolphins in Baía Norte, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 5(2): 105–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00101
Fruet, P.F., Secchi, E.R., Di Tullio, J.C. and Kinas, P.G. (2011) Abundance of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea: Delphinidae), inhabiting the Patos Lagoon estuary, southern Brazil: Implications for conservation. Zoologia 28(1): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702011000100004
Fruet, P.F., Daura-Jorge, F.G., Möller, L.M., Genoves, R.C. and Secchi, E.R. (2015) Abundance and demography of bottlenose dolphins inhabiting a subtropical estuary in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Mammalogy 96(2): 332–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv035
Fruet, P.F., Laporta, P., Di Tullio, J.C., Secchi, E.R., Morteo, E., Tezanos-Pinto, G., Möller, L., Marmontel, M. and Palacios, D.M. (2016) Introduction to the Special Volume on Tursiops in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11(1–2): 1-15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00212
Genoves, R.C. (2008) Padrões de associação do boto, Tursiops truncatus, no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, Brasil. Monograph. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Rio Grande, Brazil. 38 pp.
Giacomo, A.B. and Ott., P.H. (2016) Long-term site fidelity and residency patterns of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Tramandaí Estuary, southern Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic ammals 11(1-2): 155-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00224
Hammond, P.S., Bearzi, G., Bjørge, A., Forney, K., Karczmarski, L., Kasuya, T., Perrin, W.F., Scott, M.D., Wang, J.Y., Wells, R.S. and Wilson, B. (2012) Tursiops aduncus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T41714A17600466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T41714A17600466.en
Hastie, G.D., Wilson, B., Wilson, L.J., Parsons, K.M., Thompson, P.M. (2004) Functional mechanisms underlying cetacean distribution patterns: hotspots for bottlenose dolphins are linked to foraging. Marine Biology 144(2): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1195-4
Herzing, D.L. (1996) Vocalizations and associated underwater behaviour of free-ranging Atlantic spotted dolphins, Stenella frontalis and bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Aquatic Mammals 22(2): 61–79.
Hoffmann, L.S. (2004)Um estudo de longa duração de um grupo costeiro de golfinhos Tursiops truncatus no sul do Brasil: aspectos de sua biologia e bioacústica. Ph.D. Thesis. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, Brazil. 273 pp.
Hoffmann, L.S., Toledo, F.A.L. and Freitas, T.R.O. (2008) Contribution to a behavioral data bank: association patterns and habitat use of a small group of coastal bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) in southern Brazil. Pages 88–102 in Braga, E.S. (Ed.) Oceanografia e mudanças globais. Instituto Oceanográfico da
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Hoffmann, L.S., Ferlin, E., Fruet, P.F., Genoves, R.C., Valdez, F.P., Di Tullio, J.C., Caon, G. and Freitas, T.R.O. (2012) Whistles of bottlenose dolphins: Group repertoires and geographic variations in Brazilian waters. Pages 141–144 in Popper, A.N. and Hawkins, A. (Eds) The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. 1.ed. Springer, New York, NY, USA.
Janik, V.M. (1999) Pitfalls in the categorization of behaviour: a comparison of dolphin whistle classification methods. Animal Behaviour 57(1): 133–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0923
Lammers, M.O., Au, W.W.L. and Herzing, H.L. (2003) The broadband social acoustic signaling behavior of spinner and spotted dolphins. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114(3): 1629–1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1596173
Laporta, P. (2004) ¿Cómo estudiar el comportamiento en pequeños cetáceos?: La tonina Tursiops truncatus en La Coronilla–Cerro Verde (Rocha, Uruguay). Monograph. Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay. 93 pp.
Laporta, P. (2009) Abundância, distribuição e uso do habitat do boto Tursiops truncatus em La Coronilla e Cabo Polonio (Rocha, Uruguai). M.Sc. Thesis. Fundação Universidade Federal de Rio Grande. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 172 pp.
Lehner, P.N. (1996) Handbook of ethological methods. 2.ed. Garland STPM Press, New York, NY, USA.
Lodi, L. (2009) Fidelidade de área, características de grupo e organização social de Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea, Delphinidade) no Arquipélago das Cagarras, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Ph.D. Thesis. Universidade Federal Fluminense. Niterói, Brazil. 267 pp.
Lodi, L. and Monteiro-Neto, C. (2012) Group size and composition of Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in a coastal insular habitat off southeastern Brazil. Biotemas 25(2): 157–164.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n2p157
Lodi, L. (2016) Update on the current occurrence of Tursiops truncatus(Montagu, 1821) in Rio de Janeiro State. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11(1-2): 220-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00231
Lodi, L., Cantor, M., Daura-Jorge, F.G. and Monteiro-Neto, C. (2014) A missing piece from a bigger puzzle: declining occurrence of a transient group of bottlenose dolphins off Southeastern Brazil. Marine Ecology 35(4): 516–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maec.12108
Lodi, L., Domit, C., Laporta, P., Di Tullio, J.C., Martins, C.C.A. and Vermeulen, E. (2016) Report of the Working Group on the Distribution of Tursiops truncatus in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11(1–2): 29-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00214
Lusseau, D. (2004) The hidden cost of tourism: Detecting long-term effects of tourism using behavioral information. Ecology and Society 9(1): 2.
Lusseau, D. (2006) The short-term behavioral reactions of bottlenose dolphins to interactions with boats in Doubtful sound, New Zealand. Marine Mammal Science 22(4): 802–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00052.x
Mann, J. (1999a) Behavioral sampling methods for cetaceans: a review and critique. Marine Mammal Science 15(1): 102–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00784.x
Mann, J. (1999b) Unraveling the dynamics of social life: long–term studies and observational methods. Pages 45–64 in Mann, J., Connor, R.C., Tyack P.L. and Whitehead, H. (Eds) Cetacean Societies: Field studies of dolphins and whales. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA.
Marino, L., Connor, R.C., Fordyce, R.E., Herman, L.M., Hof, P.R., Lefebvre, L., Lusseau, D., McCowan, B., Nimchinsky, E.A., Pack, A.A., Rendell, L., Reidenberg, J.S., Reiss, D., Uhen, M.D., Van Der Gucht, E. and Whitehead, H. (2007) Cetaceans have complex brains for complex
cognition. PLoS Biology5(5):e139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050139
Martin, A.R. (1986) Feeding association between dolphins and shearwaters around the Azores Islands. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64(6): 1372–1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-205
Mattos, P.H.,Dalla Rosa, L. and Fruet, P.F. (2007) Activity budgets and distribution of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Patos Lagoon Estuary, southern Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 6(2): 161–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00121
May-Collado, L.J. (2010) Changes in whistle structure of two dolphin species during interspecific associations. Ethology 116(11): 1065–1074.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01828.x
Mench, J. (1998) Why it is important to understand animal behavior. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) 39(1): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilar.39.1.20
Mench, J.A. and Mason, G.J. (1997) Behavior. Pages 127-142 in Appleby, M.C. and Hughes, B.O. (Eds) Animal Welfare. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK.
Möller, L. (1993) Observações sobre o comportamento e a ecologia do boto Tursiops truncatus no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, Brasil. Monograph. Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Rio Grande, Brazil. 32 pp.
Monteiro-Filho, E.L.,Bonin, C.A. and Rautenberg, M. (1999) Interações interespecíficas dos mamíferos marinhos na região da Baía de Guaratuba, litoral sul do estado de Paraná. Biotemas 12(1): 119–131.
Moreno, I.B., Ott, P.H., Tavares, M., Oliveira, L.R., Danilewicz, D., Siciliano, S. and Bonnato, S.L. (2009) Os cetáceos com ênfase no golfinho-nariz-de-garrafa, Tursiops truncatus(Montagu, 1821). Pages 286–293 in Viana, D.L,. Hazin, F.H.V. and Souza, M. (Eds) O Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo: 10 anos de Estação. SECIRM, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Nowacek, D.P. (1999) Sound use, sequential behavior and ecology of foraging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Ph.D. Thesis. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachussets, USA. 196 pp.
Nowacek, D.P. (2002) Sequential foraging behaviour of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Behaviour 139(9): 1125–1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390260437290
Ott, P.H., Tavares, M., Moreno, I.B., Oliveira, L.R. and Danilewicz, D. (2009) Os cetáceos do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Brasil. Pages 283–300 in Mohr, L.V., Castro, J.W.A., Costa, P.M.S. and Alves, R.J.V. (Eds) Ilhas Oceânicas Brasileiras: da pesquisa ao manejo. Volume 2. Ministério do Meio Ambiente/Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Brasília, Brazil.
Ott, P.H., Barreto, A.S., Siciliano, S., Laporta, P., Domit, C., Fruet, P.F., Dalla Rosa, L., Santos, M.C.O., Meirelles, A.C., Marchesi, M.C., Botta, S., Oliveira, L.R., Moreno, I.B., Wickert, J., Vermeulen, E., Hoffmann, L.S., Baracho, C. and Simões Lopes, P.C. (2016) Report of the working group on taxonomy and stock identity of bottlenose dolphins in the southwest
Atlantic Ocean. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 11(1–2): 16-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00213
Peterson, D., Hanazaki, N. and Simões-Lopes, P.C. (2008) Natural resource appropriation in cooperative artisanal fishing between fishermen and dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Laguna, Brazil. Ocean and Coastal Management 51(6): 469–475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.04.003
Reynolds, J.E., Wells, R.S. and Eide, S.D. (2000) The Bottlenose Dolphin: Biology and Conservation. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
Rossi-Santos, M.R., Wedekin, L.L. and Sousa-Lima, R.S. (2006) Distribution and habitat use of small cetaceans off Abrolhos Bank, Eastern Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 5(1): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00088
Rossi-Santos, M.R., Santos-Neto, E. and Baracho, C.G. (2009) Interspecific cetacean interactions during the breeding season of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) on the north coast of Bahia State, Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89(5): 961–966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409000897
Shane, S.H. (1990a) Behavior and ecology of the bottlenose dolphin at Sanibel Island, Florida. Pages 245–265 in Leatherwood, S. and Reeves R.R. (Eds) The bottlenose dolphin. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
Shane, S.H. (1990b) Comparison of bottlenose dolphin behavior in Texas and Florida, with a critique of methods for studying dolphin behavior. Pages 541–568 inLeatherwood, S. and Reeves R.R. (Eds) The bottlenose dolphin. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
Shane, S.H., Wells, R.S. and Würsig, B. (1986) Ecology, behavior and social organization of the bottlenose dolphin: a review. Marine Mammal Science 2(1): 34–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00026.x
Simões-Lopes, P.C. (1991) Interaction of costal populations of Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea, Delphinidae) with the mullet artisanal fisheries in southern Brazil. Biotemas 4(2): 83–94.
Simões-Lopes, P.C. (1998) Intraspecific agonistic behavior of Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea, Delphinidae) during dolphin human interactions in Southern Brazil. Biotemas 11(2): 164–172.
Simões-Lopes, P.C. and Fabian, M.E. (1999) Residence patterns and site fidelity in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) off Southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16(4): 1017–1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751999000400012
Simões-Lopes, P.C., Fabian, M.E. and Menegheti, J.O. (1998) Dolphin interactions with the mullet artisanal fishing on southern Brazil: a qualitative and quantitative approach. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 15(3): 709–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751998000300016
Sutherland, W.J. (1998) The importance of behavioural studies in conservation biology. Animal Behaviour 56(4): 801–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0896
Tellechea, J.S., Bouvier, D., Cambon-Tait, D. and Norbis, W. (2014) Passive acoustic monitoring of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) on the Uruguayan coast: Vocal characteristics and seasonal cycles. Aquatic Mammals 40(2): 173–184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.40.2.2014.173
Vermeulen, E. and Cammareri, A. (2009) Residency patterns, abundance, and social composition of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Bahía San Antonio, Patagonia, Argentina. Aquatic Mammals 35(3): 379–386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.35.3.2009.379
Wang, D., Würsig, B. and Evans, W.E. (1995a) Whistles of bottlenose dolphins: Comparisons among populations. Aquatic Mammals 21(1): 65–77.
Wang, D., Würsig, B., and Evans, W. (1995b) Comparisons of whistles among seven odontocete species. Pages 299–323 in Kastelein, R.A., Thomas, J.A. and Nachtigall, P.E. (Eds) Sensory systems of aquatic mammals. De Spil, Woerden, Netherlands.
Wedekin, L.L., Daura-Jorge, F.G. and Simões-Lopes, P.C. (2004) An aggressive interaction between bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and estuarine dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in Southern Brazil. Aquatic Mammals 30(3): 391–397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.30.3.2004.391
Wedekin, L.L., Daura-Jorge, F.G., Rossi-Santos, M.R. and Simões-Lopes, P.C. (2008) Notes on the distribution, group size and behavior of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in the coast of the Island of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 8(4): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000400023
Wells, R.S. and Scott, M. (2002) Bottlenose Dolphins. Pages 122–127 in Perrin, W., Würsig, B. and Thewissen, J. (Eds) Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
Wells, R.S., Boness, D.J. and Rathbun, G.B. (1999) Behavior. Pages 324–422 in Reynolds, J.E., and Rommel, S.A. (Eds) Biology of Marine Mammals. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, USA.
Whitehead, H. (1997) Analyzing animal social structure. Animal Behaviour (53): 1053–1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1996.0358
Whitehead, H. (2008) Analyzing animal societies: quantitative methods for vertebrate social analysis. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA.
Würsig, B. (1986) Delphinid foraging strategies. Pages 347–359 in Schusterman, R., Thomas, R. and Wood, F.G. (Eds) Dolphin cognitive and behavior: A comparative approach. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Hillsdale, USA.
Zappes, C.A., Andriolo, A., Simões-Lopes, P.C. and Di Beneditto, A.P.M. (2011) ‘Human-dolphin (Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821) cooperative fishery’ and its influence on cast net fishing activities in Barra de Imbé/Tramandaí, Southern Brazil. Ocean & Coastal Management 54(5): 427–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2011.02.003
Zerbini, A.N., Secchi, E.R., Bassoi, M., Dalla Rosa, L., Higa, A., Sousa, L., Moreno, I.B., Möller, L.M. and Caon, G. (2004) Distribuição e abundância relativa de cetáceos na Zona Econômica Exclusiva da região sudeste-sul do Brasil. Série documentos REVIZEE-Score Sul. Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo USP, São Paulo, Brazil. 40 pp.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
